Mangrove Forests

Mangroves are trees and shrubs that grow along tropical and subtropical coastlines, in places where few other trees can survive. Their roots are regularly covered by salt water as the tide rises and falls. To cope with these conditions, many mangroves can filter salt out of the water before it enters their roots, while others get rid of extra salt through their leaves.

Mangroves also have unusual roots. The soil they grow in is often thick, wet mud that contains very little oxygen. Some species send up small roots that stick out of the mud like pencils, which allows them to take in air. Others have long, curved roots that hold the tree up like the legs of a table and keep it steady in the soft ground.

These roots make mangrove forests extremely valuable. They slow down waves and help protect coastal communities from storms and erosion. The calm water among the roots also serves as a nursery where young fish can grow while staying hidden from larger predators. Despite these benefits, large areas of mangroves have been cleared to make room for shrimp farms, hotels, and other development.