TOEFL / Reading practice / Section BJTW
Read an Academic Passage

A route that works for more people

A building entrance is often judged by how quickly an average visitor can pass through it. This measure can overlook people whose needs differ from that imagined average. A short flight of steps may be easy for one visitor and create a major obstacle for another.

A ramp illustrates how a change designed around one access need can have wider uses. It can help a wheelchair user enter independently, while also providing a smoother route for someone pushing a trolley or moving a heavy suitcase. These benefits do not mean that any ramp will work well. Its slope, width, surface, and position all affect whether people can use it comfortably. A ramp hidden behind a locked gate may technically exist without providing dependable access.

Good planning therefore examines the whole journey, from finding the entrance to moving through the doorway. Signs, opening hours, and the force needed to operate a door can matter as much as the route outside. Rather than adding a single feature and declaring the problem solved, designers need to observe how different visitors use the complete arrangement. An accessible route is a sequence of usable connections, not merely an object shown on a building plan.

29. Which factor outside the ramp itself is identified as important?