TOEFL / Reading practice / Section 4EK3
Read an Academic Passage

When reuse needs a return journey

A reusable food container can replace many disposable ones, but its environmental advantage depends on what happens after the first use. Manufacturing a durable container may require more material than producing a light single-use version. Repeated use is what can spread that initial cost across many meals.

[A] A return system must make it practical for customers to bring containers back. [B] Convenient collection points can help, especially when people can return a container during a journey they would make anyway. [C] If returning it requires a separate long trip, transport can add costs that a simple count of avoided packages would miss. [D] Washing and inspection also belong in the comparison.

This means that a container and its return system should be evaluated together. A strong material is of limited value if most containers disappear after one meal. Conversely, a well-used return network may make a durable design worthwhile.

There is no single number of reuses that settles every comparison. The answer changes with manufacturing methods, transport distances, cleaning practices, and the disposable option being replaced. A claim about reuse is most informative when it explains these conditions rather than treating durability alone as proof of an overall benefit.

34. What does the example of containers disappearing after one meal illustrate?